Cowpox is a relatively rare viral skin infection. It is related to the smallpox virus, but is not as contagious nor as deadly. It is often confused with another condition, called cowpock or Milker’s nodules, but it is a completely different condition with its own unique symptoms.
The cowpox virus was named after several dairy maids came down with the condition after touching the udders of infected cows. It was first recognized in the 1770’s and was almost immediately connected to smallpox when it was determined that individuals who contracted cowpox would later develop an immunity to the condition and to smallpox. This led to the development of the first successful vaccination against disease when Dr. Edward Jenner developed a smallpox vaccine from the cowpox virus.
Today, the condition is very rare and occurs mainly in Great Britain and other parts of Europe. Rather than cows, however, it is now primarily spread by domesticated cats, who in turn pick up the infection from woodland rodents. For this reason, the condition is sometimes also referred to as catpox. Human to human transmission is not likely, but the lesions that develop with the virus can still be potentially contagious so precautions should be exercised.
What Causes Cowpox and what are the symptoms?
Nowadays, cowpox is generally caused by contact with infected cats. Perhaps because they are more likely to interact with pets, young children are more susceptible to the infection. Most current cases occur in children 18 years old and younger.
The main symptom of cowpox is a collection of small, pus-filled lesions on the hands and face. The lesions will follow a natural course of development, from a flat, red spot to ulcerated sores and finally develop hard black scabs that will eventually dry up and fall away. The entire course of the infection usually takes about 12 weeks and the lesions may leave a scar behind after healing.
Along with the lesions, other symptoms may develop including fever, fatigue, vomiting, and sore throat. In some cases the eyes may develop conjunctivitis or periorbital swelling. In rare cases, enlarged and painful lymph nodes have also been reported.
Are There Any Treatments For Cowpox?
There is no specific treatment for cowpox. Generally, the condition is considered self-contained, meaning it will run its course and clear up on its own over a matter of weeks without causing any serious, lasting effects. In most healthy individuals, the immune system is able to handle this without any need for outside treatment.
If the accompanying symptoms get too bad, bed rest may be required. Clean dressings or bandages may be applied to the lesions to prevent the spread of the infection. Dressings should be changed at regular intervals with the proper caution. Individuals with underlying skin issues such as atopic dermatitis may be at greater risk of incurring infections such as cowpox.
Cowpox is not pleasant, but with the proper care and patience, it should be fairly easily endured and because of the build up of immunity, it is not likely to occur more than once in the same individual.